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Communicative
competence is an ability to communicate competently in specific contexts or it
is what a speaker needs to know to speak efficiently in a speech community. Communicative
competence comprises of four components which are as under
(1)
Linguistic competence
(2)
Discourse competence
(3)
Social competence
(4)
Strategic
competence
(1)
Linguistic competence
The linguistic
competence deals with grammar. It includes vocabulary, spelling, punctuation
and pronunciation. It is simply the knowledge of knowing how to use the
grammar, syntax and vocabulary of a language. Students have to know rules that
govern sentence structure, word formation, tenses, sound interactions, and word
and phrase meanings. Students have to be moving towards mastery of each one of
them to construct grammatically correct sentences.
(2)
Discourse competence
The discourse
competence is our knowledge of what patterns of organization and cohesive
devices we can use to connect sentences. It is knowledge of knowing how to
interpret the larger context. We organize words, phrases and sentences. We can
speak, write, read and listen to information of various types. So simply, we
know how to build sentences, how to use them and how to connect them in a
communication setting.
(3)
Social competence
It is an
ability to recognize the effects of contexts on strings of linguistics events
and to use the language appropriate in specific social situations. Social competence
is the awareness of cultural background knowledge, expressions and social rules
of language. It includes what you say, when you say and how you say it.
(4)
Strategic competence
Strategic competence means that how
to use techniques to get conversational fluency. Strategic competence is the
ability to recognize and repair communication breakdowns before, during, or
after they occur. For instance, the speaker may not know a certain word, thus
will plan to either paraphrase, or ask what that word is in the target
language.